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The Bible - A Closer Look
by
Yusuf Estes
Former
Christian Preacher
Introduction Author's Bio-Data
Chapter 1 "Is the King James Version the Actual Bible?"
Chapter 2
"Are There Contradictions in the Bible?"
Chapter 3 "Who is the
God of the Bible?"
Chapter 4 "Does
the Bible Say 'Jesus is God'?"
Chapter 5 "What Does it all
Mean?"
Chapter 6 "What to do Now?"
Introduction
and Explanation of Purpose of This Research and Presentation
First of all, let me begin by saying that I am a former
Christian, preacher, minister of music and organist for a long number
of years in the Disciples of Christ Church, Baptist, Methodist
churches and The Church of God. I totally and completely accepted the
teachings and concepts of salvation within the Christian church many
years ago. My parents were very religious and their parents were also
very instrumental in building and supporting the work of the church
throughout their entire lives. So, it is not my aim to discredit the
efforts of those who came before me whatsoever. This is totally the
opposite of my purpose in this presentation.
Second, I am still
most active in the spreading of the True Word of God as much as HE
will allow me to be. I have found that some of the teachings of the
translations of the Bible contain errors and mistakes which must be
examined and thought through so as to bring about a better
understanding for both the Christians and the non-Christians,
especially those of the Muslim (Islam) faith.
Third, I am presently
an institutional chaplain and I hold the position of Delegate to the
United Nations Peace Conference for the World's Religious Leaders. As
such I hold all the leaders of other religions in proper regard and
with due respect. Many of my associates and co-workers are from the
Catholic, Protestant, Jewish and Hindu faiths.
Therefore, it is not
my intention to cause people to loose their belief in God, His
divinely-inspired prophets and messengers, or the holy scriptures that
they brought. I humbly request all who read and study these pages to
be considerate of those who are committed to believe in the scriptures
of the Bible and not use this material as a tool for attacking and
harming the faiths of others. The opposite is what I request the
reader to do. Please take time to learn the materials and then share
in a positive light with those whom you honestly feel can handle a
discussion on this topic without being confrontational.
May Almighty God guide
all of us the all truth, amen.
An examination of the
Bible is necessary today because of the many questions being raised by
religious people of all circles, including Jews and Christians, as to
its inconsistency with contemporary church teachings as well as its
inconsistency within itself.
Today, there are
thousands of different versions of the Bible in circulation and the
transcript has been freely translated from one language to another
numerous times. According to Bible scholars themselves, the original
scripture is no longer extant. It is nowhere to be found. We have no
idea if what we are reading and implementing into our lives and belief
system is, indeed, God's teaching.
Muslims believe in the
same Omnipotent, All-powerful, Unseen God that the Jews have believed
in since Adam. However, unlike the Jews, Muslims join in with the
Christians by also believing in Jesus as the "Christ"; "Messiah";
"Logos"; and "Miraculous Conception"; as well as all the previous
Biblical prophets and their original scriptures that they brought.
Muslims also believe that God is merciful and just to His creatures.
So, they deny the concept of the 'Original Sin' [all children are born
into the sins of their parents] and the 'Sacrificial Lamb' concept
which requires the blood of Jesus, peace be upon him, to atone for the
sins of the sinners. This being the case, how can Muslims say that God
is just and that His revelation, the Bible, is corrupted? Where is it
in God's great plan that His revelation loses all credibility? These
are all very excellent questions.
It is a known fact
that Jesus was regarded by his followers as a prophet and that what he
preached was written down into physical form by his disciples.
However, God placed the responsibility on humans to preserve the
integrity of this message over time. When the people failed in their
duty, it was made necessary for the Holy Qur'an to come into existence
in order to correct the teachings that were changed. By God's mercy He
revealed His will once again to Muhammad over 600 years later, and his
companions similarly wrote it down and compiled it into what became
known as The Holy Qur'an. By God's justice He promised that He would
preserve it therefore making it the last revelation to humanity. Today
an actual seventh century Qur'an, complete and intact, is on display
in a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. I just returned from a trip to
Istanbul, Turkey and have information about it on this web site:
http://www.islamtomorrow.com/events/index.asp
Amazing
Revelation
Strange as it may seem
I came across astonishing information By Allah's Mercy I have learned
the Arabic language sufficient enough to read the Holy Quran in the
original language. I have found the answers to problems of
understanding meanings of scriptures in the Bible while studying the
Holy Quran.
Every Arabic Qur'an in
the world today is, letter for letter, identical to this ancient
script. Due to this preservation, the Quran exists today exactly as it
did over 1,400 year ago in a language which is still alive today. I
have found the Qur'an's teachings to be quite clear, consistent, and
practical for application even in today's so called "modern world."
The whole idea behind
this work is to present the clear truth about the Bible, the Quran and
the two religions of Islam and Christianity. If you do not have a good
Bible, it would be a good idea to acquire at least two. Namely, the
King James Version (based on the 1611 AD edition) and the Revised
Standard Version (published in 1953). As you go through the many
Biblical inconsistencies, which I will be referring to in this
material, please refer back to your Bible and examine it objectively.
Do not let pride, ego,
bias or prejudice affect your judgment as you review the pages. If you
do not free your mind and heart from these obstructions, then it will
be near to impossible to see the light of truth to which we will be
referring so often.
Bear in mind also,
that if a book were revealed from Almighty God to the humans, it
should not have even a single mistake or error anywhere in it.
Otherwise, it would indicate that it is not from a Perfect God, but
rather from an imperfect human.
While traveling around
the world, I have found that many Jews and Christians are opening
their eyes to this fact and are willfully accepting Islam and the Last
and Final Testament of Almighty God (the Holy Quran) wholeheartedly.
We have to examine the
facts in order to be able to better understand the value of this
information on our society today. One statement that is clear and
repeated often these days is that Islam is the fastest growing
religion in the world today and the largest religion in the world
today with over 1.5 billion souls claiming to be Muslims. The word of
God has been preserved in the Holy Qur'an and has been changed in the
Bible. So, I am merely attempting to produce material which will help
to clarify the matter. Due to the many years of traditional religious
teachings and upbringing, it may be very difficult for you to accept
this. If you are sincere in your heart and pray to the One Who Created
you in the first place, then it will be totally up to Him to Guide you
to all truth, not me. Islam is a complete Way of Life and it is based
on total surrender to Almighty God, submission to Him in complete
obedience and sincerity and in peace.
For more details about
ISLAM, please visit our web page at:
http://www.islamtomorrow.com/islam/index.asp
For comparison of Holy
Quran:
http://www.islamtomorrow.com/quran.asp
The Bible
A Closer Look!
by Yusuf Estes
Former Christian
Preacher
Let me begin by saying
that the King James "version" of the Bible is in English. There was no
English language until the year 1066 AD when the Normans invaded the
Saxxons. Therefore the English Bible cannot be anything like what any
of the prophets spoke or understood, as it did not exist in their
times.
Next, my grandfather,
who was a devout and wonderful Christian man gave a gift of the Holy
Bible to my sisters and I almost fifty years ago. It was an authorized
version of the Bible, being The Revised Standard Version of the Bible
which was a revised version of the American Standard Version,
published in 1901, which was a version of the King James Version,
published in 1611, which was revised and corrected for the first time
in 1612, etc.I was very much impressed with the easier to read text
and clarification of some of the wording which was presented in this
version and began to read the Bible on a daily basis for hours at a
time. The removal of the Elizabethton English terms, phrases and
expressions made the Bible a more accessible and understandable and
intimate Book for me.
My love and respect
for the Word of God increased the more that I spent time reading and
understanding the message. The Bible became my most prized and
respected book in my life. I often turned to it throughout the rest of
my life in times of joy, happiness, sadness, troubles and pain. It was
my compass, my road map, my weather vane and my friend.However, there
were still some problems with this IMPROVED VERSION of the Holy Bible.
It began to disturb and concern me to the extent that I made
consultation with my father, who was also an ordained minister and
student of the Bible since childhood. Based on his research and
background in the origin and sources for modern day Christianity, I
began to go deeper into the problems which had plagued my thinking and
faith since childhood.
I prayed to Almighty
God and then found the answers to some of the problems were spelled
out very clearly in the very beginning of the exact same book. I have
that book lying in front of me on my desk as I write this article and
would like to quote to you from some of the PREFACE page iii and
iv:
"The King James
Version has with good reason been termed 'the noblest monument of
English prose.' Its revisers in 1881 expressed admiration of 'its
simplicity, its dignity, its power, its happy turns of express... the
music of its cadences, and the felicities of its rhythm.' It entered,
as no other book has, into the making of the personal character and
the public institutions of the English-speaking peoples. We owe to it
an incalculable debt."
"Yet the King James
Version has grave defects. By the middle of the nineteenth century,
the development of Biblical studies and the discovery of many
manuscripts more ancient than those upon which the King James Version
was based, made it manifest that these defects are so many and so
serious as to call for a revision of the English translation. The task
was undertaken, by authority of the Church of England, in 1870. The
English Revised Version of the Bibles was published in 1881-1885; and
the American Standard Version, its variant embodying the preferences
of the American scholars associated in the work, was published in
1901."
"Because of the
unhappy experience with unauthorized publications in the two decades
between 1881 and 1901, which tampered with the text of the English
Revised Version in the supposed interest of the American public, the
American Standard Version was copyrighted, to protect the text from
unauthorized changes. In 1928 this copyright was acquired by the
International Council of Religious Education, and thus passed into the
ownership of the churches of the United States and Canada which were
associated in this Council through their boards of education and
publication."
".... decision was
reached that there is need for a thorough revision of the version of
1901..""In 1937 the revision was authorized by vote of the Council..."
"Thirty-two scholars
have served as members of the Committee charged with making the
revision, and they have secured the review and counsel of an Advisory
Board of fifty representatives of the co-operating denominations."
"Each section has
submitted its work to the scrutiny of the members of the charter of
the Committee requires that all changes be agreed upon by a two-thirds
vote of the total membership of the Committee."
"The problem of
establishing the correct Hebrew and Aramaic text of the Old testament
is very different from the corresponding problem in the New
Testament."
"For the New Testament
we have a large number of Greek manuscripts, preserving many variant
forms of the text. Some of them were made only two or three centuries
later than the original composition of the books."
"For the Old Testament
only late manuscripts survive, all (with the exception of the Dead Sea
Texts of Isaiah and Habakkuk and some fragments of other books) based
on a standardized form of the text established many centuries after
the books were written."
"The present revision
is based on the consonantal Hebrew and Aramaic text as fixed early in
the Christian era and revised by Jewish scholars (the 'Masoretes') of
the sixth to ninth centuries. The vowel signs, which were added by the
Masoretes, are accepted also in the main, but where a more probable
and convincing reading can be obtained by assuming different vowels,
this has been done."
"... vowel points are
less ancient and [less] reliable than the consonants."
"Departures from the
consonantal text of the best manuscripts have been made only where it
seems clear that errors in copying had been made before the text was
standardized."
"Most of the
corrections adopted are based on the ancient versions [translations
into Greek Aramaic, Syriac, and Latin], which were made before the
time of the Masoretic revision and therefore reflect earlier forms of
the text."
"Sometimes it is
evident that the text has suffered in transmission, but none of the
versions provides a satisfactory restoration. Here we can only follow
the best judgment of competent scholars as to the most probable
reconstruction of the original text."
"Many difficulties and
obscurities, of course, remain."
"Where the choice
between two meanings is particularly difficult or doubtful, we have
given an alternative rendering in a footnote."
"If in the judgment of
the Committee the meaning of a passage is quite uncertain or obscure,
either because of corruption in the text or because of the inadequacy
of our present knowledge of the language, that fact is indicated by a
note."
"It should not be
assumed, however, that the Committee was entirely sure or unanimous
concerning every rendering not so indicated."
"To record all
minority views was obviously out of the question."
"The King James
Version of the New Testament was based upon a Greek text that was
marred by mistakes, containing the accumulated errors of fourteen
centuries of manuscript copying."
"It was essentially
the Greek text of the New Testament as edited by Beza, 1589, who
closely followed that published by Erasmus, 1516-1535, which was based
upon a few medieval manuscripts."
"The earliest and best
of the eight manuscripts which Erasmus consulted was from the tenth
century, and [yet] he made the least use of it because it differed
most from the commonly received text; Beza had access to two
manuscripts of great value, dating from the fifth and sixth centuries,
but he made very little use of them because they differed from the
text published by Erasmus."
"We now possess many
more ancient manuscripts of the new Testament, and are far better
equipped to seek to recover the original wording of the Greek text.
The evidence for the text of the books of the New Testament is better
that for any other ancient book, both in the number of extant
manuscripts and in the nearness of the date of some of these
manuscripts to the date when the book was originally written."
From the previous
chapter we can easily determine that the original source of the Bible,
both the Old and New Testaments have been lost and are no longer
extant in any language. What has remained and been referred to for
translations, is in fact nothing more than old copies that do not
necessarily agree with each other and there does exist in them obvious
corruption in additions and deletions. Additionally, they are not
complete and do not have full agreement of the scholars of the Bible
as to their meanings.
Just to offer a few of
the many contradictions and errors of that which is being presented as
the Word of God in the Bible I would like to quote the research of
scholars of the Bible:
VERSES THAT CONTRADICT
THEMSELVES
Genesis 6:3 and
Genesis 11:11 - Life limited to 120 years?
Genesis 32:30 and
Exodus 33:20 - Jacob's life was preserved?
Exodus 4:22 and
Jeremiah 31:9 - Who was God's firstborn?
Numbers 23:19 and
Genesis 6:6-7 - Does God repent or not?
2 Samuel 6:23 and 2
Samuel 21:8 - Did Michal have children?
2 Samuel 8:4 and 1
Chronicles 18:4 - 700 or 7000 horsemen?
2 Samuel 8:9-10 and 1
Chronicles 18:9-10 - Toi or Tou? Hadadezer or Hadarezer? Joram or
Hadoram?
2 Samuel 10:18 and 1
Chronicles 19:18 - 700 or 7000 charioteers? 40,000 horsemen or
footmen? Captain's name?
2 Samuel 24:1 and 1
Chronicles 21:1 - Who provoked David?
2 Samuel 24:9 and 1
Chronicles 21:5 - 800,000 or 100,000?
2 Samuel 24:13 and 1
Chronicles 21:11-12 - 7 or 3 years?
1 Kings 4:26 and 2
Chronicles 9:25 - 40,000 or 4,000 stalls?
1 Kings 5:15-16 and 2
Chronicles 2:2 - 3300 or 3600?
1 Kings 7:26 and 2
Chronicles 4:5 - 2000 or 3000 baths?
2 Kings 8:26 and 2
Chronicles 22:2 - 22 or 42 years old?
2 Kings 24:8 and 2
Chronicles 36:9 - 18 or 8 years old? 3 months or 3 months and 10 days?
Erza 2:65 and Nehemiah
7:67 - 200 or 245 singers?
Matthew 1:12 and Luke
3:27 - Who was Salathiel's father?
Matthew 1:16 and Luke
3:23 - Who was Joseph's father?
Matthew 9:18 and Mark
5:22-23 - Dead or not?
Matthew 10:5-10 and
Mark 6:7-8 - Bring a staff or not?
Matthew 15:21-22 and
Mark 7:24-26 - The woman was of Canaan or Greece?
Matthew 20:29-30 and
Mark 10:46-47 - One or two beggars?
Matthew 21:1-2 and
Mark 11:1-2 - What happened to the ass?
Matthew 26:74-75 and
Mark 14:72 - Before the cock crow once or twice?
Matthew 27:5 and Acts
1:18 - How did Judas die?
John 3:16 and Psalms
2:7 - Only begotten son?
John 5:31 and John
8:14 - Was Jesus' record true or not?
VERSES THAT CONTRADICT
THE TRINITARIAN DOCTRINE AND/OR THE DIVINITY OF JESUS
Exodus 33:20, John
1:18, 1 Timothy 6:16 - No one saw God.
Isaiah 42:8 - Do not
praise and worship images.
Isaiah 45:1 -
"Anointed" does not mean "God".
Matthew 14:23, 19:13,
26:39, 27:46, 26:42-44 - Jesus prayed.
Matthew 24:36 - Jesus
was not all-knowing.
Matthew 26:39 - Jesus
and God had different wills.
Matthew 28:18 - All
power was given to Jesus.
Mark 1:35, 6:46,
14:35-36 - Jesus prayed.
Mark 10:17-18 and Luke
18:18-19 - Jesus denied divinity.
Mark 12:28-29 - God is
one.
Mark 13:32 - Jesus was
not all-knowing.
Mark 16:19 and Luke
22:69 - Jesus at the right hand of God.
Luke 3:21, 5:16, 6:12,
9:18, 9:28, 11:1-4, 22:41 - Jesus prayed.
Luke 4:18, 9:48, 10:16
- Jesus was from God.
Luke 7:16, 13:33,
24:18-19 - Jesus was a prophet.
Luke 10:21 - Jesus
gave thanks.
Luke 23:46 - The
spirit of Jesus was commended to God.
John 4:19 - Jesus was
a prophet.
John 4:23-24 - Worship
in spirit and truth.
John 14:28 - One was
greater than the other.
John 5:19, 5:30, 7:28,
8:28 - Jesus was helpless.
John 5:20 - The Father
showed the son.
John 5:30 and 6:38 -
Jesus and God had different wills.
John 5:31-32 - Jesus'
witness was not true.
John 6:11 and 11:41-42
- Jesus gave thanks.
John 6:32 - The Father
was the provider, not the son.
John 7:29, 16:5, 16:28
- Jesus was from God.
John 7:16, 12:49,
14:24, 17:14 - Jesus' words were not his.
John 8:42 - Jesus did
not come of himself.
John 10:29 - "My
Father, which gave them me, is greater than all."
John 14:1 - Jesus
said, "...believe also in me."
John 14:16, 17:1,
17:9, 17:11, 17:15 - Jesus prayed.
John 14:31 and 15:10 -
Jesus followed commands.
John 17:6-8 - "I have
given unto them the words which thou gavest me."
John 20:17 - Jesus had
a god.
Acts 2:22 - Jesus was
"a man approved of God."
Romans 8:34 - Jesus
was an intercessor.
1 Timothy 2:5 - Jesus
was the mediator between God and humans.
Introduction Author's
Bio-Data
Chapter 1 "Is the King
James Version the Actual Bible?"
Chapter 2 "Are There
Contradictions in the Bible?"
Chapter 3 "Who is the
God of the Bible?"
Chapter 4 "Does the
Bible Say 'Jesus is God'?"
Chapter 5 "What Does
it all Mean?"
Chapter 6 "What to do
Now?"
Top - Top of Page
"ONE" - SHOULD
NOT BE TAKEN LITERALLY
Mark 10:6-9 and John
14:20, 15:1-7, 17:11, 17:18-23, 17:26
There are many verses
in the Bible that speak of Jesus and God as being "one".
But does this
necessarily mean that Jesus is God? If you read the six selections
above then you will see that we cannot take the word "one" so
literally. If we do, then we are God, as Jesus said, "...they also may
be one in us" and "...they may be one, even as we are one." What the
Bible means when it says that Jesus is "one" with God is that he is
extremely close to god, "as if" they are one. John 17:18-23 tells how
we normal human beings can attain this "oneness" (or "closeness") with
God by being "sanctified through the truth." Aside from this, neither
the word "trinity" appears anywhere in the Bible nor any explanation
of such a thing.
"LORD" DOES NOT
NECESSARILY MEAN "GOD"
Matthew 18:23-34, Luke
19:11-21, and John 20:26-29
Many of Jesus'
disciples referred to Jesus as "Lord". Even Jesus himself said that he
is their Lord. But does this mean that he is their God? If you read
the three short stories above then you will realize that back in the
Biblical time period most servants referred to their masters as
"lord". This was a common practice because it showed honor and respect
for a person of such high stature.
"LORD" - A Lofty Title
Even today in many
countries around the world such as England, "lord" is used in
referring to kings, princes, and others who deserve such a lofty
title. The disciples and followers of Jesus viewed him as their earthy
master and themselves as his servants. He was a man from God who
brought them God's message of truth, justice, and peace. Who could be
more deserving of the title "lord" than Jesus Christ? Besides, "lord"
is defined by Webster in many curious ways.
A few of them are as
follows:
A man of high rank in
a feudal society.
A king.
A general masculine
title of nobility or rank.
A man of renowned
power.
A man who has mastery
in a given activity or field.
Commenting on the
word's history, Webster says that "lord" literally means 'guardian of
the bread'". He continues, "Since such a position would be the
dominant one in the household, lord came to denote a man of authority
and rank in society at large."
In The Holy Qur'an
also uses "lord" in the same context (see 12:23 and 12:41-42). This
was simply the language of the time.
The word "lord" does
not render the person which it is being applied to as God. If this
were the case, then many human beings in the Bible would have to be
considered God.
JESUS DENIED
DIVINITY
Mark 10:17-18 and Luke
18:18-19
These verses are
highlighted because they are most indicative of Jesus' position and
real nature. The verse in Mark reads: "As he [Jesus] was setting out
on a journey, a man ran up and knelt before him, and asked him, 'Good
Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?' Jesus said to him,
'Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone." If you
analyze this verse in truth you will see that Jesus, quite simply, is
not God. If he was, why then would he say "No one is good but God
alone"? Jesus did not want to be called "good" because he was not God.
That title, as Jesus admits, belongs to none but God.
Introduction Author's
Bio-Data
Chapter 1 "Is the King
James Version the Actual Bible?"
Chapter 2 "Are There
Contradictions in the Bible?"
Chapter 3 "Who is the
God of the Bible?"
Chapter 4 "Does the
Bible Say 'Jesus is God'?"
Chapter 5 "What Does
it all Mean?"
Chapter 6 "What to do
Now?"
Top - Top of Page
CONCLUSION
If all of this has
confused you it's probably because you've been trying to justify your
belief in the Trinity. To believe in the Trinity goes against all of
the teachings of Jesus, as well as the Bible. This is because the
Trinity is a man-made doctrine that was drawn up several hundred years
after Jesus. In this time period different interpretations of the
Bible were causing serious debates among Christians. The various
interpretations were, undoubtedly, due to human perversion of the
original scriptures, poor preservation, and/or shoddy translations.
One of the main things being questioned was the nature of God and
Jesus. Was Jesus actually God, the son of God, or just a messenger?
The Council of Nicea was formed in an attempt to settle this dispute,
and the Nicea Creed (the Trinitarian doctrine) was subsequently
hammered out.
Again, as I stated in
the beginning, this writing has not been complied to put down or
destroy the true teachings of the Bible and the Prophets. I would like
to quote from a version of the Bible wherein Jesus is represented as
saying:
"Think not that I came
to destroy the Law [Torah] and the Prophets [prophethood]. I did not
come to destroy them, but rather to fulfill them. For truly, I say to
you, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the Law until all is
accomplished. Whoever then relaxes one of the least of these
commandments [from the Law] and teaches men so, shall be called least
in the Kingdom of heaven; but he who does them and teaches them shall
be called great in the Kingdom of heaven. For I tell you, unless your
righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will
never enter the kingdom of heaven." [Matt. 5:17]
It is wrong to assume
that our beliefs are true simply because our teachers, preachers and
parents have taught us something passed down to them by generations of
forefathers before them. What I would invite all of us to do is to do
research for ourselves and learn from reliable sources what is the
origin of modern Christianity and what should be our perspective on
true belief in general. We can only achieve this with open minds and
hearts.
So, may the Great God
of the Universe guide us all with His perfect Guidance to all truth,
ameen.
Please research for
yourself the Council of Nicea and the preservation of the Bible, or
lack thereof.
There are a number of
books which are easily accessible written by experts and scholars on
the Bible which are very enlightening on this subject:
"Who Wrote the Bible"
- Richard Elliott Friedman
"Who Wrote the Dead
Sea Scrolls?" - Norman Golb
"The Book of 'J'" -
Harold Bloom & David Rosenberg
"The Text of the New
Testament - Its Transmission, Corruption, & Restoration" - Bruce M.
Metzger
"History of Bible
Translations to English Language'" F. F. Bruce
It is not a all
logical to simply accept a belief system because it was passed down to
you by your parents. After all, what if it is not correct? A system
for belief should be based upon sound principles of reasoning and
understanding, rather than feelings and emotions.
As regards the Muslims
treatment of Jesus, peace be upon him, it should be kept in mind that,
although they do not hold him to be the 'son of god' in Christianity,
he is definitely held in high esteem as great prophet, 'Miraculous
birth" and also believe in the same unseen God that he referred to as
"Your Lord and my Lord, your God and my God."
Islam is truly and
simply a complete way of life and set of rules taught by all the
prophets to mankind, similar to Biblical teachings that were revealed
to humankind after Jesus through the last and final prophet Muhammad.
Why? Good Question...
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